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You may specify a record format in one of three ways: Stream record format: This is the most common record format, which uses a record terminator to indicate the end of a record. When SQL*Loader scans the input file, it knows it has reached the end of a record when it encounters the terminator string. If no terminator string is specified, the last character defaults to a newline character or a linefeed (carriage return followed by a linefeed on Windows) character. The set of three records in the previous example uses this record format. Variable record format: In this format, you explicitly specify the length at the beginning of the each record, as shown in the following example: INFILE 'example1.dat' "var 2" 06sammyy12johnson,1234 This line contains two records: the first with six characters (sammyy) and the second with twelve characters (johnson,1234). var 2 indicates that the data records are of variable size, with record size indicators specified as a field of length 2, before every new record. Fixed record format: In this format, you specify that all records are a specific fixed size. Here s an example, which specifies that every record is 12 bytes long: INFILE 'example1.dat' "fix 12" sammyy,1234, johnso,1234 Although at first glance in this example, the record seems to include the entire line (sammyy,1234, johnso,1234), the fix 12 specification means that there are actually two 12-byte records in this line. Thus, when you use the fixed record format, you may have ce data file.

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During a load session, SQL*Loader takes the data fields in the data records and converts them into table columns. The table- and field-mapping clauses pertain to the mapping process between data fields and table columns. The control file provides details about fields, including the column name, position, input record data types, delimiters, and data transformation parameters.

the_input=`ps -ef` while read firstvar do echo firstvar within the loop: $firstvar secondvar=$firstvar echo secondvar within the loop: $secondvar done <<EOF $the_input EOF echo firstvar outside the loop: $firstvar echo secondvar outside the loop: $secondvar

Each column in the table is specified clearly, with the position and data type of the matching field value in the input file. You don t need to load all the columns in the table. If you omit any columns in the control file, they re set to null.

SQL*Loader must have a way of knowing the location of the various fields in the input file. Oracle calls the individual items in the data file fields, and there is no direct correspondence between these fields and the columns in the table in which you are loading the data. The process of mapping fields in the input data file to the table columns in the database is called field setting, and it is the biggest contributor to CPU time taken during the load. The POSITION clause specifies exactly where in the data record the various fields are. You have two ways to specify the location of the fields: relative and absolute. Relative position implies that you specify the position of a field with respect to the position of the preceding field, as shown in the following example: employee_id POSITION(*) NUMBER EXTERNAL 6 employee_name POSITION(*) CHAR 30 In this example, the load starts with the first field, employee_id. SQL*Loader then expects employee_name to start in position 7 and continue for 30 characters. It will look for the next field starting at position 37, and so on. When you use the POSITION clause in an absolute position sense, you just specify the position at which each field starts and ends, as follows: employee_id POSITION(1:6) NUMBER EXTERNAL employee_name POSITION(7:36) CHAR

The data types used in the control file refer to the input records only and aren t the same as the column data types within the database tables. The following are the main data types used in SQL*Loader control files: INTEGER(n) binary integer, where n can be 1, 2, 4, or 8 SMALLINT CHAR INTEGER EXTERNAL FLOAT EXTERNAL DECIMAL EXTERNAL

After each column s data type is specified, you can specify a delimiter, which indicates how the field should be delimited. You can delimit data by using one of the following two clauses: TERMINATED BY or ENCLOSED BY. TERMINATED BY limits the field to the character specified and denotes the end of a field. Here are a couple of examples: TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE TERMINATED BY "," The first example indicates that the field is terminated by the first blank that is encountered. The second example simply indicates that the fields are separated by commas. The ENCLOSED BY " " delimiter specifies that the field is enclosed by a pair of quotation marks. Here is an example: FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

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